Middle East, The Ever Boiling Cauldron With Hatred Toward The West

Islam always represented danger and menace to West and is seen as a threat to Western civilization. Many Jews and Christians seized on the belief that something fearful in the faith of Mohammed (PBUH) had made Sept 9/11, 2001 attack inevitable. Many feared, a new Crusade against Islam would soon ensue. After the above attack, Islam has been identified more than ever in Western mind with violence, intolerance and fanaticism (1). However, the leaders of the West were highly balanced and President George W Bush of the world’s only Super Power and the aggrieved party made it very clear to the world that he believed Islam to be a religion of peace and he had no quarrel on this account. It was declared that the gruesome act was the senseless violence by a section of fundamentalists in Islam who are bringing discredit to their religion.

The present terrorist violence by a section of Muslims is definitely deplorable in strongest terms. In the words of Alija Izetbegoric, President of Bosnia “Islam is the best. Muslims are not the best. The West neither is corrupted nor degenerated. It is strong, well educated and organized. Their schools are better than us. Their cities are cleaner than ours. The level of respect for human rights in West is higher, and the care for the poor and less capable is better organized. Westerners are usually responsible and accurate in their words. Instead of hating West, let us proclaim co-operation instead of confrontation”( 2).

Middle East countries have become hot bed of mutual confrontation, once they struck gold in oil. All these nations were colonized by Western Powers, once Ottoman Muslim Empire ruled by Turkish Sultan having sway over the Middle East areas broke-up after it’s defeat in World War I (1915 –1918). World War II and formation of Jewish State of Israel added to the complexity of the situation and Gulf politics have reached a stage of threatening survival of human beings on this planet. The recent success of books, journals and public figures that argue for re-occupation of Gulf region by Western Powers is an indicative of this. J B Kelly, former Professor of Imperial History at Wisconsin and one time advisor to Sheikh Zayid of Abu Dhabi is critical of Muslims and apologetic soft Westerners who are allegedly sold out to oil-Arabs and recommends reoccupation of entire Gulf countries and to convert them as colonies as done earlier as these Gulf States are in turmoil and threatening world peace. African States though independent are despotic and barbaric as they were years ago (3).

Prophet Mohammed’s (PBUH) career includes initial militant preaching, founding of new religious community, severe decisions and judgments. But the overall Prophet’s (PBUH) personality reveals a profound commitment to compassion, peace and mercy, that Muslims mainly ascribe the qualities among many attributes to Allah. God is praised in Islam as most Compassionate and merciful. The real source of our problem is the perversion of Islamic teachings by the fascist Wahaabi cult in Sunni Muslims that resides at the heart of Saudi Arabia, the most coveted friend and ally of USA in Middle East. Saudi Kingdom would hold in their own territory to an extraordinary beneficial relationship with Americans while encouraging Wahaabi Sunni terrorism against American interests everywhere else (4). The present turmoil, reasons for the rise of Osama Bin Laden, the growing hatred of Muslims towards West, Current situation and the Options open to Western powers are discussed in this paper.

Spread of Wahhabi Cult. There is a strong worldwide allegation that Islam preaches violence. In Arabia where this Sunni Wahaabi cult took deep roots, they fought generally against saints, shrines, graveyards and mosques. They do not subscribe to veneration of saints, graves, and their worship and believe that Islam has to be enforced by force. All other sects are considered heretical and harbors extreme views of Islam. We have to see whether world’s Muslims respond to, by withdrawing into violent self purging and criminality in the Wahaabi style or by spiritual purification and self defense as practiced by Dervishes (Ascetics and devoted)) of Sufism (5). Let us now examine the antecedents of this fundamentalist and bloodthirsty cult.

Wahaabi cult was first seen among notorious pirates of Persian Gulf. Sayid Ahmed Barelvi who went to Mecca on pilgrimage in 1820 revealed the true face of Wahaabi dealing with non-Muslims in India. He returned after two years and established the Wahaabi center at Patna (Now in the State of Bihar) near Holy River Ganges in India. He and his agents started preaching in Afghanistan and he launched Jihad against Sikhs residing in Punjab in India in 1826. Sikhs are a distinct community and Sikhism was found in 16 Th century by Guru Nanak in India. In 1830, his forces seized Peshawar (in present Pakistan) and soon he was killed in a battle with Pashtoons, a militant sect in West Punjab (now in Pakistan), who sided with Sikhs. The Wahaabis called for fight against Hindus, Sikhs and the Englishmen who were the rulers in India.. Muslims were called upon to violently separate themselves from Hindus and other non-believers. No mixed society was to be tolerated and rule of non- Muslims over Muslims was never to be accepted. In 1831, a peasant named Titu Mer led a Wahaabi uprising in Bengal in Eastern India. Earlier, he went to Mecca on pilgrimage (Haj) and came under the influence of Sayid Ahmed and he on return spread severe hatred against others in India. The Wahaabi uprising was unleashed when several hundred of his followers burst out in the market and slaughtered a cow. They defiled a Hindu temple with the blood of the slain cow. However, many Muslims who did not subscribe to Wahhabi cult joined British in their operations to suppress the uprising. The English troops suppressed the uprising and the Wahaabi commander Golam Masud was arrested and executed. 189 Wahaabis were tried for the uprising and many were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment (6).

In Arabia, Wahaabi Arabians, followers of it’s founder, Ibn Abd Al Wahab(1703-1792) were desert wanderers and mere bandits and they did not reach a state of civilized society which could identify social problems while their counterparts in Bengal in India were a developed society. The Wahaabis launched an offensive between 1865-1891 to gain control of Arabian Peninsula. Mohammed Ali Pasha of Ottoman Egyptian forces defended it. Wahaabis under their Chief Saud Ibn Faysal moved to Riyadh. In the region of Asir between Taif and Yemen lived about million savages who were converted to Wahaabi cult. Mohammed Ali Pasha did not persecute these men who were known for severe cruelty and fanaticism.

Control in Arabia changed dramatically when Abdul Aziz Ibn Abdul Rahman Ibn Mohammed Al Saud, then aged 21 years departed first to Riyadh and murdered city ruler and laid foundation for modern Saudi Arabia. In 1924, Wahaabi cult conquered Mecca and it resulted in killing of half a millions of people. It spread to Jedda and Medina. Sacred tombs, graveyards and mosques were demolished. These grave yards were honored and revered sites where companions of the Prophet (PBUH) including Uthman Bin Madhur, Mohammed’s (PBUH) son Ibrahim (who died at young age), Hassan, son of Ali (daughter’s son ) and grand son of the Prophet (PBUH) and brother of Hussein (Imam) lay buried. The Wahaabis also destroyed the graveyards where Khadijah, Mohammed’s (PBUH) most revered first wife, mother and grandfather of the Prophet lay buried. The shrines were looted. The grave of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) was spared although it’s demolition was sought by the Wahaabis. Ummah, the Muslim religious council protested for these mindless activities and in 1926 Saud called for a Global Islamic Meet to ratify his position and control over the Holy sites in Mecca and Medina. Indian delegation at the meeting that protested against the Saudi control of the religious sites in Mecca and Medina walked out of the discussions and were expelled. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia settled down and with striking of oil-gold in the country, fortunes changed and the new found wealth attracted American interests and mutual co-operation. The Saudis sponsored Wahaabi School and consolidated it with the help of Petro-dollars, harvest of which the world is now reaping in the form of Terrorism that is dancing in all nakedness yelling and shrieking sky high. Osama Bin Laden who has become a household infamous name in the world after attack on American main land subscribes to the extreme views of Sunni Wahaabi Islam.

Why hate West? In his pronouncements, Osama Bin Laden made frequent references to history. In the videotapes released on 7 October 2001, he referred to humiliation and disgrace that Islam suffered for more than eighty years. What are these? What made a section of Muslims hateful to Western culture and civilization? A point to ponder over indeed (7).

During the World War I fought from 1915 to 1919, Ottoman Empire led by Sultan of Turkey along with Germany was defeated by The British Empire, French, Americans and allies and the capital Constantinople was occupied by Western Powers. It’s Sovereign was held captive and it’s areas were distributed among the victorious powers. Iraq and Palestine went to Britain, while Syria was given to the French. The original Greater Syria was bifurcated into Lebanon and Syria. Palestine was divided into Jordan Eastern Zone (Transjordan) and Palestine was referred for Cisjordonian part of the country. Saudi Arabia, then a complete desert land was considered not worth occupying and the ruler was permitted to hold control with limited regulated freedom. After the break- up of Ottoman Empire, Turkey adopted democracy by secular ways under former Ottoman General Kamal Ata Turk who was also called Mustafa Kamal. The first thing he did was to abolish erstwhile Turkish Sultanate in 1922. Earlier, the Sultan of Turkey enjoyed the powers of Sunni religious supremacy as Caliph (Khalifa) that legendary Mustafa Kamal abolished in 1924. The Institution of Caliphate was originally started with the death of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) in 632 AD. Caliph means the Successor or Deputy. With this, central Muslim authority collapsed as a pack of cards. In the world, 90 % of Muslims are Sunni Muslims while Shia sect accounts for the remaining 10 % Muslims. There are other smaller sects such as Sufis that are insignificant in strength. The entire events of loss of supremacy of Islamic empire was a big blow to the Muslims all over the world and they are very pained, upset, unhappy, jealous and smoldering with anger for revenge for the loss of their Institutional identity in the world. Some even opine that Osama Bin Laden harbored the desire of claiming the position of Caliph.

Muslims consider the American way of life as mere sin. Western concept of liberation of women means debauchery and as commercial use of women as consumer products as viewed by the fundamentalists. In their view, American people freely choose their President and therefore are accountable and punishable for the mistakes, omissions and lapses committed by the Govt and therefore they are not innocent civilians. Bin Laden charged “ You are the nation (Americans and Englishmen) who rather than ruling by the Shariat of Allah in it’s construction of laws choose to invent your own laws as you will desire .You separate religion from politics contradicting the pure nature which affirms Absolute authority to the Lord and your creator. In sum, you are the worst civilization witnessed by history of mankind”. US is seen by Bin Laden as the successor to Byzantine Empire of Constantinople, Holy Roman Empire of Vienna, Queen Victoria and her imperial colleagues in succession in Europe and as the leader of unbelievers in the world (8). Christianity is seen as the only religion resisting the spread of Islam in the world and hence is the archenemy of Bin Laden and his associates of Terrorist world. More over, US makes no secret of it’s striking power unlike Chinese, Buddhists and Hindus who are indecisive, non assertive and dilly dallying with a ‘cat on the wall’ approach. In the interview given to John Miller of ABC news on May 28, 1998, Bin Laden charged that America was an evil influence on Muslim nations.

Afghanistan and it’s Role. Al Qaeda was formed after the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan in 1991 and within a year, the World’s second Super Power collapsed under Michael Gorbachev in 1992. Afghanistan earlier was a sleepy country, cut away from the world and modernity, some where hidden within the rugged and inhospitable mountains of West of Pakistan, India, Iran and former USSR (Tajikistan). It was a sleepy and backward nation like Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal. The turmoil in political situation in Afghanistan facilitated invasion by Soviet Union by land through a small corridor and as a result, Afghanistan became a hot bed for international volatile politics. Pakistan turned out scores of Talibans in their mills of fundamentalist schools for fighting in Afghanistan and fully supported internal Afghan war against Soviet interference. Afghanistan no more remained isolated in the world and it became a hot bed of fundamentalism. With rise of Bin Laden, Talibans (a Wahaabi cult) fully abetted terrorism, anti American policy and harbored AlQaeda leadership in their country. They of course paid the heavy price for being an irresponsible nation.

As a result of withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan in 1991, Talibans and AlQaeda came to a conclusion that they could also battle Americans who were considered mostly as paper tigers. They cited withdrawal of American forces in Vietnam, Korea and Somalia as the American failures and underestimated the capacity of American soldiers as combat fighters. Unfortunately they have not read the history of US battles at Okinawa and Iwo Jima against Japanese forces during World War II where US forces demonstrated their fighting capabilities. The result was the 9/11, 2001 attack on US main land. AlQaeda had no clue and did not anticipate severe American retaliation and annihilation of Talibans as they considered Americans as mere paper tigers. If America had not acted at that time, it would have lost the race.

The present situation and options open. In the present scenario, Americans and other Western nations have two courses in front of them. The first one is to battle out Terrorism and AlQaeda network, in particular, that is threatening their main land, business interests and world interests and as a matter of fact, their own existence as a civilization. This battle has to be taken to the end and to the gates of Terrorism to annihilate all the forces that are abetting, harboring, sympathizing, arming and catering these disruptive forces in the world. It has to take harsh decisions too with respect to its ally Saudi Arabia that is the bastion of Wahaabi cult and has contributed for the spread of this dangerous cult. The defeated terrorist regimes and their men such as in Iraq and Afghanistan would try to restore their lost fortunes by reestablishing tyranny. Although Taliban power has collapsed in Afghanistan, US forces are still battling the Talibans who are making their presence felt in some of the inhospitable terrains in Afghanistan and Pakistan (9). They are required to be eliminated very soon. Osama Bin Laden is still at large. Although it is believed that he was killed in Tora Bora bombings. His body was not found. There was also a rumor that he died of Typhoid in Pakistan. His death still remains a matter of debate and he has grown to be a cult figure. Even if he had died, he is still kept alive by the vested interests. It is similar to the case of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose of Indian National Army (INA) who battled British in World War II by joining Japanese and Germans. The only difference is that Netaji was a great nationalist and freedom fighter who won admiration of all Indians and became an eternal hero on par with Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi declared father of Indian nation while Bin laden was a mere blood thirsty terrorist. The terrorist outfit such as Hizbollah based in Lebanon was reportedly created and armed by Iran to expel Israelis from Lebanon during 1982 and subsequently has supplied missiles that have been used against Israel in recent skirmishes. Iran’s rockets and missiles are supplied to Hizbollah via Beirut- Damascus road. Fall of regime of Saddam Hussein has facilitated free access to Iran. Al Manar TV transmits the propaganda by Hizbollah. Iran reportedly pledged US $ 50 million to the new Hamas Govt in Gaza. Syria provides safe sanctuary to Hamas to operate from it’s territory (10). Fall of Iraq has eliminated influential Saddam Hussein and has elevated Iran as the most powerful in the Middle East region. However, this has drawn American presence next to them. It is also fully believed that Iran is desperately making efforts to produce it’s coveted Nuclear Bomb and also has made it very clear that they would use it against the State of Israel. For Iran, nuclear program is a national pride (11). President of Iran has made public statement that Israel has to be wiped out from the face of the earth (12) (13) (14). This is very serious, irresponsible, unwanted and threatening. Although efforts are being made by UN sanctions to negate Iranian efforts towards acquiring a nuclear Bomb, danger is really very grave. In the past, in spite of all world opinions, other countries such as China, Israel, Pakistan and India acquired nuclear capability. North Korea is also vigorously pursuing its nuclear program. As per the latest news North Korea has conducted under ground tests of nuclear explosion which are claimed to be unsuccessful by western sources.

In all probabilities, the UNO has to watch helplessly as Iran also inches towards the nuclear status threatening existence of Israel. In present circumstances, role of UNO is very difficult and challenging, facing new problems. During the past, Israel by using F 16 fighter planes made pre-emptive strike against Iraq’s nuclear facilities at Osiraq on 7 July 1981 and destroyed them. Having become wiser, Iran must have made arrangements for safety of such facilities and could have scattered them at different places. Thus Israel would find difficult to destroy all facilities. Iran must have made alternative arrangements at different places. More US delays the actions, Iran would become further stronger threatening world peace.

Israel has been enjoying the protection of US cover all these years and thus successfully demonstrated it’s fighting capabilities. It has acquired modern war equipment from western sources and emerged as a strong regional armed power. However, involvement of US in Middle East with a firm base in Saudi Arabia over the years was not without adverse effects and emergence of Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden is attributed to these important factors. Great public opinion is built up in USA against President George W Bush and his government for over-reaction and for getting involved in Iraq and for mounting deaths of American military personnel and great expenditure. Inability to find the Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq (WMD) after collapse of regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq has also facilitated building-up of adverse and negative propaganda against the present Government in USA. However, as per former Iraqi General Georges Sada, Iraq had large number of Chemical weapons and this was demonstrated against Kurds and Kuwait when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait earlier (15). In his opinion, these WMD probably have been transferred to the neighboring countries.

More the troops of US stay in Iraq, more would be their entanglement and casualties in the possible civil war ( If not already taking place). The situation would be serious, if US withdraws from Iraq and the weak State of Iraq and Israel would be at the mercy of Iran. Can US leave it’s strong ally i.e. Israel in Middle East? If survival is at stake, Israel has no option except to strike hard at Iran’s nuclear facilities and destroy them lock stock and barrel on it’s own at the earliest and has to be a lone ranger in Middle East. More they delay, more they are inching towards their own destruction and making themselves more vulnerable. Although Israel has substantial nuclear potential, the attacker is always is at great advantage in nuclear engagements. First direct strike on Israel by Iran or through a proxy such as Hizbollah could cripple it’s morale, facilities and capabilities very greatly and would have serious and disastrous effect on power of retaliation. The situation would be still serious if ground invasions are started at different fronts simultaneously against Israel by Arab nations as in the case of six day and Yom Kirrup War and earlier engagements. The tiny nation of Israel would be throttled by the sheer numbers of manpower. This is because the area occupied by Israel as a State is very small. However, US presence in Iraq has to be viewed very carefully at present, before contemplating any sudden air strike against Iran’s nuclear facilities, they have to inform US in advance. The aspect of real threat from Iran’s Nuclear Bomb also has to be viewed carefully. Once, Iran acquires the Nuclear Bomb, will they drop arbitrarily on Israel to wipe it off from the earth as threatened? Or would they use it in case of serious provocation or conflict with Israel directly with Iran or other neighbors or in a combined war effort to get rid off Israel (16). The element of proxy would be always present. Israel also should be prepared to destroy all Nuclear Head delivery systems of Iran in flight. Iran is separated from Israel by the presence of Iraq. However, Lebanon and Syria have common borders with Israel apart from Jordan and Egypt. Therefore, Iran’s nuclear threat also exists via these adjacent countries. Some wishful thinkers of Ostrich attitude also argue that the Iranian Bomb threat is used for maintaining a balance of power in the region.

The second course available to the Americans and other Western Powers is development of these Middle East Countries and promotion of freedom and democracy. Generally, it is perceived that Muslim nations are very prone to dictatorships and absolutism. Democracy does not fit into their systems as religion and politics cannot be separated in Islam. It is also feared that democratic systems can also bring Anti American Governments to power. Democratic governments require democratic cultures which develop over centuries and these never developed in Middle East countries (17). Islam and governing a Muslim nation go hand in hand together as Shariat is a religious code. Muslim nations always tend to be dictatorial, ruthless and absolute. The greatest advantage in Western States for the success and practice of democracy is the common civil code of governing that is free of religion. This is impossible in Islamic States. Hence, the suffering continues. The Islamic confederation of States comprise of 57 States. But only Turkey has practiced democracy while all others have ruthless authoritarian rules amounting to dictatorships. Pakistan and Bangladesh are not Arab States. Although Pakistan is a Islamic Republic State on paper, it is under dictatorship and if any democracy was there in this country, it survived for a very short period. Bangladesh that was born in 1971, soon suffered long spells of dictatorships. Lebanon is at present practicing democracy. How long this arrangement stays is not known? Administration of President George W Bush is keeping it’s fingers crossed. Management of the Middle East nations that are aiming to swallow Israel at the earliest opportunity is a tight ropewalk for the United Nations Organization that is literally loosing its effectiveness as a world body. In such situation, it is not surprising that J B Kelly as stated earlier made a call for re- occupation of entire Middle East and certain African nations too, that may appear Fascist.

It is essential to save the world from turmoil and possible destruction at the lack of fore thought, absence of scientific temperament and rising fundamentalism on part of certain Muslim nations which are still groping in utter darkness of medieval, outdated concepts, religious fundamentalism, bigotry and obscure ideology. Exposure of terrorist plot in London to blow up US bound planes in mid air to kill maximum number of passengers shows the extent of terrorist hatred to Western society (18)(19). It also shows the extent of future threat to the civilized world. War on Terror is unlike conventional previous wars against specified nation or a group of them. The war against Terrorism will be a long drawn one, as enemy is not at one place and has no geographical boundaries and more so, when it is inspired and abetted by religious fundamentalism. Peace cannot be attained easily as peace is not a natural state. Many times, wars have to be fought to get rid off oppressors, thugs and tyrants in order to establish world peace. American nation is divided on the issue of tackling terrorism. Democrats are trying to turn public opinion in their favor citing casualties and mounting expenses in war on Iraq. If US backtrack on it’s fight against terror, very soon they would be fighting the men of Al Qaeda and Hezbollah hand to hand on the crowded narrow streets of Washington, Brooklyn, San Francisco and New York or in the vast expanses of Texas. The terrorists have already established wide and good network in US main land and are capable of causing great irreparable damage to the nation (20). Iran is already a great threat to world peace after fall of Iraq. Unless Iran is disarmed and cut to size soon, world will find itself in very precarious position as their nuclear bomb once acquired can easily find way into the hands of Terrorists or can be smuggled in to western shores to cause devastation (21). This has to be prevented at all costs. Peace is achieved by intense struggle over uncertain and long durations. Only those who are prepared to take risks in these directions would come out successful. Only those nations that are strong in determination and actions would succeed and survive the onslaught of time in the history of mankind. Hope USA, UK, Israel and India (?) would be among them.

Bibliography.

1. Stephen Schwartz. Two faces of Islam. Anchor Books, New York, USA, 2003, ISBN-1-40000-3045-5, PP ix

2.Ibid, PP- Preface

3. Edward W. Said, Covering Islam, Vintage Books, New York, USA, 1997 ISBN –0-394-74808-5

4. Ibid PP 6

5. Ibid, PP 96

6. Ibid, PP 98

7. World Islamic front for Jihad against Zionists and Crusaders, Declaration of war from Al Quds Al Arabi Feb 23, 1998 as cited in David Cook, understanding Jihad, University of Trade, New York, USA, 2004, ISBN 0-8129-6-785-2, PP xv-xvi, xviii

8. Ibid, PP 160

9. Noor Khan (Associated Press), NATO, Afghan soldiers in bloody Taliban fight. San Jose Mecury News, USA, August 21, 2006

10. Christopher Dickey,Kevin Priano and Babak Dehghanpisheh, The hand that feeds the fire. The News week, ISSN 0028-9604, Volume CXVIII No 4, PP 28

11. David.J Lynch, Nuclear Programme is Iran’s pride, USA Today, USA, 28 August 2006, PP 1

12. Sheikh Muhammed Mahmood Siyam. Palestine movement is on the true line of Islamic jihad, Reported by Correspondent, Radiance views weekly, Published by Board of Islamic Publications, New Delhi, India, Vol XL NO 28, Date 27 Nov -3 Dec 2005, PP 13, Jerome R Corsi, Atomic Iran, WMD Books, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, ISBN 1-58182-540-3,

14. Editorial, Total evacuation, the only Solution, Radiance views weekly, Published by Board of Islamic publications, New Delhi, India, Vol XL, No 25, Date 6-12 Nov 2005, PP 5

15. Georges Sada (AirVice Marshal), Saddam’s secrets with William Nelson Black, Integrity publishers, 5250,Virgenia way, St 110, Brentwood, ISBN-1-59145-404-2

16. Ephraimkom, Strategic Assessment, Vol 7, No 3, Dec 04 of Jaffee Centre for Strategic studies. Tel Aviv University, Israel, as cited in www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/7n3p2Kam.html

17. Michel Gerson, The View From The Top, The Newsweek, ISSN 0028-9604, Volume CX VIII No 8/9, 21/28 August, 2006, PP 58-59

18. Evan Thomos( written from Contributions from Reporters Mark Hosenbali, Michael Isikoff, Holly Bailey, Daniel Klaidman, Dan ephron, Ron Moreau, SamiYousafzai, Zahid Hussain, Scott Johnson, Christopher Dickey, Stefan Theil, John Barry, Eleanor Clift, Rana Faroohar, Emiley Flynn vencant, William Underhill, Silvia Spring and Johannah Cornblatt)), Five years of terror, News Week, ISSN 0028-9604, Volume CXVIII, No.8/9, PP44-53

19. Jonathen Alter, Plugging holes in the skies, Newsweek, ISSN 0028-9604, and Volume CXVIII No. 8/9, PP 50,51

20. Prof Dr Colonel (Retired) K Prabhakar Rao, It is time for USA to battle it’s enemies more within main land. www.faithcommons.org dated13 Oct 2006, 1215 hrs

21. Prof Dr Colonel(Retired) K Prabhakar Rao, Iran and nuclear threat, www.faithcommons.org, dated 10 October 2006, 1115 hrs

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